It’s Still Just Dirt, The Tillsonburg News – March 2020
by Angela Lassam

Propagation is a way to expand your garden without too much cost but it takes patience and lots of time. It is a method where gardeners and horticulturists create new plants identical to an original form. There are several ways you can do this – stem cutting, layering and grafting.

 Stem cutting is widely used on softwood shrubs and can be done in early spring when new growth has started. It is best done in the morning when the plant has its most moisture. You will need clean pruners or a sharp knife, pots prepared with potting soil or a good draining mix which has been well watered, a tool (pencil or small stick) to make a hole and some rooting hormone, either powder or liquid.

Take 3”- 4” pieces of plant cuttings just above a leaf node. Dip them in rooting hormone and carefully place each  in a hole made with a stick or pencil. Press down the soil but do not water at this time. You will wash the rooting hormone into the soil if you do this. To aid growth you can top the pot with a plastic bag to retain the humidity needed. Place in a sunny location, wait and watch. This will take four to six weeks before roots get established. A good sign is when you see roots peaking out the bottom of the pot. Now is the time to plant into the garden.

Many plants are done this way in the spring. Some common ones are Hydrangea, Rose of Sharon, Dogwood, Honeysuckle, Mock Orange and Clematis. Fall cuttings can be prepared in the same way, often after leaf drop or late winter before budburst. Our usual garden shrubs are Weigela, Ninebark, Mulberry and Euonymus.

Layering is another way for some plants, mostly low growing type to be reproduced. It can be done at any time of the growing season. Lavender is a good one. Simply graze or rub the soft stem, bend it a little and pin into the soil or make a trench which will secure it better. Water often. It is a slow process but needs little care. If done early in the year there will be new plants to relocate after cutting from main plant in the fall. Cane berries are different as they require their tips to be buried 3”- 4” in the soil to regenerate. Strawberries are natural layering fruit as they produce a new plant on the end of a new growth called a runner. It naturally roots itself when the tip (new plant) touches the ground. 

Grafting is done usually by horticulturalists and nurseries specializing in trees. Many trees purchased in nurseries are grafted types. The method used is taking a strong tree and attaching an often ornamental or flowering tree to the strong rootstock. Fruit trees that are more than one variety are produced this way.

Water rooting is a way anyone can experiment with even if you do not have a garden. Most indoor plants can be used to make new ones for gifts or to add to your own space. You simply need a warm sunny location for your glasses or jars. You need to take a tip 3 – 4” long, stripping off any leaves on the lower part that may reach the water. Fill a jar or glass half full of tepid water and cover the top with foil or paper. Punch several holes if a large top opening. Then you can place cuttings through the holes just into the water. Change the water every three to five days. Place in a sunny window and watch for the roots to form. When  the roots are at least 2” long you can pot them up in potting soil and give as gifts or maybe for a plant sale!!

Perennial herbs will continue to grow in the winter in water giving you fresh herbs all year long. Prepare in the same way as stem cutting but place in water.

Succulents are unique to propagate as you cut the leaves from the main plant and leave them to dry off and scab over. Then place them on the top of a pot of well watered soil. It will take some time to show roots but they will form and reach for the soil that you have kept moist. You can cover with soil once the roots are well established. Once established in the soil they require little care and water. A big mistake is to overwater which causes root rot.

It is always worth the time taken to create new plants for your garden, friends and even for sale. Propagation is just another simple way to do this and enjoy the journey to the end when you see more blooms in your garden at very little cost – just time and patience.

 The next monthly meeting for the Tillsonburg Horticultural Society scheduled for Tuesday April 7th @ 7:30 p.m. in the Senior Centre Auditorium, Tillsonburg Community Complex has been cancelled due to the Coronavirus. Watch for details of the May 5 meeting in The Tillsonburg news or look us up on the website www.tillsonburghortictural.ca  and check out Facebook – tillsonburghorticultural

It’s Still Just Dirt, The Tillsonburg News – February 2020
by Angela Lassam

Now we have many seed company stands in the stores, it is time to make a list of flowers and vegetables we would like to grow. Some gardeners save seed from the year before but be aware they may not grow true. Most of them have their favourites but it is always good to try something new.

During the wintery days when we browse the seed catalogues there is some good advice and helpful information to guide our choices. Some seeds are best directly sown in the garden and others can benefit from indoor seeding to obtain earlier pleasure.

I thought I would tell you about indoor seeding procedures and some pitfalls. Starting kits are great for first time gardeners and children as they are sterile to start. If you are using old trays you must sterilize them. Wash them in soapy water to remove all dirt then use 1 part bleach to 10 parts water and soak for 10 minutes. Even if they were stored away clean they may have picked up mold and insects especially spiders. Sterilize any tools you may be using too.

 Some people use saved seeds or even seeds from the previous year. It is wise to do the ‘baggy method’ to check germination. This is when you take a plate with moist paper towel, sprinkle on a few seeds and seal in a sandwich bag. Wait a few days and check to see how many have sprouted. This will save wasted space and planting materials.

The first seeds to start are usually perennials and other longer germinating seeds. Peppers and tomatoes take longer than flower seeds generally. Marigolds germinate easily but do not cover seeds with soil use just a dusting. 

Some seeds do not do well if started indoors. Cosmos, Zinnias, Nasturtium and Morning Glory are some common ones. Squash, pumpkin, rutabaga, carrots, peas, corn and beans are the vegetables generally directly sown.

Collect all the things you may need – labels, tweezers, pencil for small holes, permanent marker for labeling, plastic covers or sheet plastic, scissors, seed trays and small pots. Now you can start with the longest germinating seeds according to the packet instructions.

The soil for the starting should be a soilless mix preferably as seeds do not need fertiliser until after sprouting and it is of a more fluffy, airy texture for easy growth. It is best taken indoors (maybe overnight) to allow it to be moistened to a soft ball feeling and to be warmed to stop the new seeds from being shocked.

Collect the trays you will be using and fill them 2/3 full of soil. Lightly tap the tray to settle the soil for seeding. Seed packet instructions will tell you the depth of placing the seed. Place 2 or 3 seeds per section or at least 2” apart if using a flat tray. Cover the seed as instructions on the packet as this is important for germination. Some seeds need none or a dusting of cover so follow the packet instructions. Lettuce will not germinate covered. Then lightly mist to settle the seed. Now is the time to label what is sown and the date. Cover with plastic sheeting or place in a plastic bag to retain moisture. Place seed containers in a warm place (at least 70 degrees F.) with as much light as possible but away from draughts. As soon as you see the sprouts remove covering and enjoy watching the growth. 

At this time the sprouts must be misted with a fertilizer solution at least twice a week. This is when mold quickly forms on the surface so sprinkle with cinnamon. Alternately a weak camomile tea will work as an antifungal agent. When the seedlings are approximately 3” and past the two leaf stage transplant the strongest seedlings using potting soil. To slow the growth and leggy appearance move them to a cooler spot. Keep misting as surface appears dry or sit tray in water to soak from the bottom for a short time. Never waterlog them as roots are subject to rot.

Indoor seeding is a jump start to our gardening for the year and it is always a good feeling when the seeds poke up through the soil and are nurtured through to the time we can put them in their place outdoors when there is no risk of frost. 

The next monthly meeting for the Tillsonburg Horticultural Society is on Tuesday March 3rd @ 7:30 p.m. in the Senior Centre Auditorium, Tillsonburg Community Complex (north side of Complex by the Skate Park).  The speaker will be Anita Jacobson, Head Gardener at the Stratford Festival, sharing her gardening skills as designer there since 2006.  Everyone welcome, join us for a meeting $4 or become a member for only $20 per year for added benefits. For further information look us up on the website www.tillsonburghortictural.ca  and check out Facebook – tillsonburghorticultural.

It’s Still Just Dirt, The Tillsonburg News – January 2020
by Angela Lassam

Companion planting is an age-old, time-honoured way of gardening by enhancing productivity naturally without the aid of chemicals. Plants grown together can be improved in both flavour and quality if you know their characteristics. Many years ago a vegetable garden was not only vegetables but a combination of flowers, herbs, vegetables and fruit. Gardeners were wise enough to learn the benefits of placing different plants together. 

The theory behind companion planting has many factors – shade, support, plant health, improved soil and weed suppression. Shade can be natural by planting tall among smaller plants and planting shade loving small vegetables (i.e. radishes) between them. Support is an obvious method by growing climbers with tall vegetables (corn will support cucumbers). This is also known as The Three Sisters where corn supports beans and squash covers the soil. Plant health may sound strange but by growing different types of vegetables near one another they will yield more as they will use different nutrients from the soil. Beans and peas are a good example of fixation of nitrogen in the soil.

Vegetables do better when surrounded by certain herbs. Basil will increase the flavour of both tomatoes and peppers and repel tomato hornworm. Mint (in pots for containment) will prevent slugs and the scent will repel many destructive insects especially the cabbage moth. Garlic grown by beets will improve them. A tea of garlic as a spray may deter Japanese beetles as they do not like the sulphur smell. Cilantro and chives work well against aphids. 

 By using certain seeds grown between vegetables you can encourage pollinators and beneficial insects besides creating a ground cover to suppress weeds. Clover is a good one to grow as it will fill in quickly and as it is a legume will fixate nitrogen in the soil. Farmers know that fall rye sown as a ground cover gives off a chemical which supresses weed germination and when worked in acts as ‘green’ manure.

Buckwheat has been known to cover well and smother weeds with its quick germination. Hoverfly larvae especially like it which eat aphids and other soft bodied insects. It is best sown regularly and discarded to the composter before going to seed. It has the property of making phosphorous more readily available in the soil. Bees are plentiful around it as they are on all the open flowers and help all pollination in the garden. It is a good idea to let some of your garden “go to seed” as the flower heads attract many predatory insects.

Fruit benefits from companion garden practice. All soft fruit will benefit from growing with chives and garlic as the aroma repels many pests and the chive flowers are nectar for many pollinators. Apple trees are pestered by codling moth so plant strong scented lavender near trees. 

Flowers used for specific benefits and to aid pollination are most of the open head type. Cosmos, Zinnias and Calendula are common ones. They are easy to grow and will self seed. Nasturtium are very good as bait for aphids especially under roses but almost anywhere in the garden. Daffodils when grown around the bark of young trees will help stop mice and voles from munching.  Tansy, some may call it an herb, is great for cutworm and is good for pollination. The blue/purple one has a large open interesting flower.  

Companion planting is not new but as we strive to help our environment and try not to use chemicals the knowledge needs to be available to all gardeners new and seasoned. I hope this has given you a thought to grow certain seeds between your regular vegetables. Nature will help all gardeners if we know how to help it in its process.

 The next monthly meeting for the Tillsonburg Horticultural Society is on Tuesday, February 4th @ 7:30 p.m. in the Senior Centre Auditorium, Tillsonburg Community Complex (north side of Complex by the Skate Park).  The speaker will be Denise Hodgins who is a garden coach and designer. Topic is “Succulents and Unusual Houseplants”. Everyone welcome, join us for a meeting for $4, or become a member for only $20 per year for added benefits. For further information look us up on the website www.tillsonburghortictural.ca  and check out Facebook – tillsonburghorticultural.

It’s Still Just Dirt, The Tillsonburg News – December 2019
by Angela Lassam

I received an indoor living arrangement as a Christmas gift and noticed that there was no care instructions or plant labels. After Christmas you can remove all the ornaments and any arrangement can live on to give health benefits. I thought this gives me an opportunity to share my knowledge with you.

 This is a breakdown of some of the plants found in arrangements, some of which you may already know

Bamboo – tall, can reach 12’ before needs repotting. Another tall one is Snake plant or Mother-in-laws Tongue. It is hard to kill so good for a novice. Fig tree, palms and Umbrella tree are large so need space but add color and life to a large entry or similar space. Minimal watering is needed.

Hanging plants – Spider plant is a common shared plant as it multiplies well and can provide new plants from its trailing pieces. They will root easily in water and grow well for you to share. An old favorite is Philodendron, an ivy type vine which likes indirect light and can be persuaded round windows, doorways and arches or on any trellis structure. Beware they are poisonous to pets and children.

Singular plants are most often Boston Fern which is an old favorite, a Spider plant, Snake plant to name a few. Aloe Vera is a good plant for a kitchen or bathroom. It is difficult to kill, likes humidity and is the one plant that its leaves have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. You can break a leaf and use its juices as a quick first aid.

 An arrangement of indoor plants will probably have a Chinese money plant which has round penny shaped leaves or a Chinese evergreen with a variegated leaf which will produce a white flower and red berries, an ivy and maybe a type of palm. A liquid fertiliser in the water when needed will help them thrive. Spritzing shiny leaves with tepid water can be advantageous.

One small tip I learned – for aphids (small white bugs) use rubbing alcohol on a q tip , wiped on the bugs will remove them. 

Plants for indoors can reduce the VOCs in the air most of which comes from paint on walls, carpet, furniture and many cleaning products. Many indoor plants filter formaldehyde, benzene, xylene and carbon monoxide from the air. These can create the ‘sick building syndrome’. Most are poisonous to children and pets if ingested so always place out of reach or hang up.

 Any plant gives more benefits through adding life to the home space besides their air purifying uses. Watching their changes and growth adds to one’s well being and a plant as a gift is sometimes given with that thought.

As we enter the New Year I hope it will be a healthy prosperous 2020 for all. 

The next meeting for the Tillsonburg Horticultural Society will be on Tuesday January 7^th 2020 @ 7:30 p.m. in the Senior Centre, Tillsonburg Community Complex (north side by the Skate Park). Dr. Allyson MacDonald, a member, will give a presentation –  English Roses, David Austen and Beyond with a photo montage of roses at their peak followed by refreshments and social time.  Members please note it is membership renewal time, $20 for the year. New members always welcome, come for a meeting $4 or join for extra benefits. 

More information can be found on www.tillsonburghorticultural.ca or Facebook Tillsonburghorticultural.